India’s Strategic Response to the Pahalgam Terror Attack: 5 Major Actions Against Pakistan
On April 22, 2025, the picturesque region of Pahalgam, Jammu & Kashmir, was rocked by a devastating terrorist attack, leading to the tragic deaths of 26 individuals, mostly tourists. This attack, carried out by the Resistance Front (TRF), an offshoot of the Pakistan-based Lashkar-e-Taiba, marked one of the deadliest assaults in recent years. In response, India has taken drastic and decisive actions against Pakistan, signaling a major shift in its diplomatic stance towards its neighbor.
Following the attack, Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi chaired an emergency meeting of the Cabinet Committee on Security (CCS), leading to the announcement of five major measures aimed at holding Pakistan accountable for its role in supporting cross-border terrorism.
India’s Five Major Strategic Actions
1. Suspension of the Indus Waters Treaty: A Strategic Diplomatic Move
What is the Indus Waters Treaty?
The Indus Waters Treaty, signed in 1960 between India and Pakistan, regulates the sharing of water from the Indus River and its tributaries. Under the treaty, India controls the eastern rivers (Sutlej, Beas, and Ravi), while Pakistan controls the western rivers (Indus, Jhelum, and Chenab).
India’s Decision to Suspend the Treaty
India’s decision to suspend the treaty marks a dramatic shift in its diplomatic approach toward Pakistan. The treaty has long been considered a cornerstone of bilateral cooperation between the two nations, but this move demonstrates India’s growing impatience with Pakistan’s failure to address terrorism emanating from its soil.
- Immediate Impact: The suspension of the treaty means Pakistan will no longer receive the agreed-upon share of water from the eastern rivers unless it demonstrates a commitment to halting support for terrorism.
- Long-term Consequences: This decision raises the stakes in India-Pakistan relations and serves as a powerful signal to Pakistan and the international community that India will no longer tolerate cross-border terrorism.
2. Closure of the Attari-Wagah Border Crossing: Disrupting Cross-Border Movements
What is the Attari-Wagah Border Crossing?
The Attari-Wagah border is the primary land crossing between India and Pakistan, facilitating both trade and travel. The integrated check post here serves as the main gateway for goods and people to move between the two countries.
India’s Decision to Close the Border
In response to the attack, India has decided to close the Attari-Wagah border crossing indefinitely. This move is significant because it disrupts not only the movement of goods and people but also the symbolic link between the two nations.
- Impact on Trade and Travel: The closure of this border crossing impacts not just diplomatic relations but also the economy, as it affects cross-border trade. Additionally, it has psychological implications, signaling a firm response to Pakistan’s inaction against terrorism.
- Purpose: The closure serves as a direct diplomatic tool to force Pakistan into action, underscoring India’s frustration and resolve to stop terrorism.
3. Expulsion of Pakistani Diplomats and Advisors: Severing Ties
Diplomatic Repercussions for Pakistan
India has declared several Pakistani military, naval, and air advisors at the Pakistani High Commission in New Delhi as persona non grata, requiring them to leave within one week. Additionally, India will withdraw its own defense advisors from the Indian High Commission in Islamabad.
Impact on Diplomatic Relations
- Reduction in Diplomatic Staff: This measure will reduce the overall diplomatic staff in both embassies by more than half. The Pakistani High Commission will now operate with only 30 diplomats, down from 55. This move serves as a strong protest against Pakistan’s continued support for militant activities.
- Message to Pakistan: By expelling diplomats, India sends a clear signal that it will not tolerate Pakistan’s failure to control terrorist groups within its borders.
4. Revocation of the SAARC Visa Exemption Scheme: A Blow to Bilateral Relations
What is the SAARC Visa Exemption Scheme?
The SAARC Visa Exemption Scheme allows certain individuals from South Asian countries to travel freely between member states without the need for a visa. The scheme was initially introduced to encourage people-to-people contact and regional cooperation.
India’s Decision to Cancel the Scheme
India has revoked the SAARC Visa Exemption Scheme for Pakistani nationals. This means that Pakistani citizens can no longer travel to India under the scheme, and all previously issued visas under this provision have been canceled.
- Impact on Travel: The revocation will limit people-to-people interactions, especially for Pakistani nationals, who will now have to apply for a regular visa to visit India.
- Diplomatic Message: This move further isolates Pakistan diplomatically, making it clear that India will not engage in any bilateral cooperation until Pakistan addresses the issue of cross-border terrorism.
5. Enhanced Security Measures: Strengthening National Defense
Increased Vigilance Across India
India’s response includes enhanced security measures throughout the country, particularly in Jammu and Kashmir. The Indian government has pledged to leave no stone unturned in bringing those responsible for the attack to justice.
- Ongoing Manhunt: The Jammu and Kashmir police have initiated a massive manhunt for the terrorists responsible for the attack, offering a bounty of ₹20 lakh for information leading to their capture.
- National Preparedness: The Indian military and security agencies have been put on high alert, with instructions to maintain vigilance in light of potential threats in the region.
International Reactions and Global Condemnation
Global Support for India
The international community has strongly condemned the Pahalgam terror attack. Many countries, including the United States, Russia, and European Union, have expressed their solidarity with India in its fight against terrorism.
Calls for Action Against Terror Groups
The United Nations has issued a statement condemning terrorism in all forms and called for action against the groups responsible for the attack. While several nations have supported India, there have also been calls for restraint and dialogue between India and Pakistan to prevent further escalation.
What’s Next for India-Pakistan Relations?
The measures taken by India reflect a shift in the diplomatic landscape between the two countries. By suspending vital treaties, expelling diplomats, and restricting cross-border interactions, India is demonstrating that it will not tolerate any form of cross-border terrorism.
Will the Measures Lead to Long-Term Change?
The outcome of these actions will depend largely on Pakistan’s response. If Pakistan continues to harbor terrorist groups, India may further escalate its diplomatic and military pressure. On the other hand, if Pakistan takes steps to address India’s concerns, there could be a potential thaw in bilateral relations.
Conclusion
The Pahalgam terror attack has dramatically altered the trajectory of India-Pakistan relations, pushing India to take bold and decisive actions to safeguard its sovereignty and security. These actions serve as both a warning and a call for accountability. The coming weeks and months will reveal whether these measures succeed in curbing cross-border terrorism and whether they lead to a more stable and secure region.
